Since invention from the wooden beehive 150+ years back, there’ve been few innovations in beehive design. But that’s all changing now-at warp speed. Where other industries had the luxury to evolve slowly, beekeeping must deploy the most up-to-date technologies if it’s to operate industry by storm growing habitat loss, pollution, pesticide use along with the spread of worldwide pathogens.

Go into the “Smart Hive”

-a system of scientific bee care built to precisely monitor and manage conditions in hives. Where traditional beekeepers might visit each hive over a regular basis, smart hives monitor colonies 24/7, so can alert beekeepers on the requirement for intervention the moment a difficulty situation occurs.

“Until the advent of smart hives, beekeeping was a mechanical process.” Says our founder and Chief Science Officer, Dr. Noah Wilson-Rich. “With technology we’re bringing bees in the Internet of products. If you can adjust your home’s heat, turn lights on and off, see who’s your doorway, all from your mobile phone, have you thought to do the same goes with beehives?”

Although many start to see the economic potential of smart hives-more precise pollinator management can have significant affect the bottom line of farmers, orchardists and commercial beekeepers-Wilson-Rich with his fantastic team at Best Bees is most encouraged by their effect on bee health. “In the U.S. we lose almost half of our own bee colonies every year.“ Says Wilson-Rich. “Smart hives enable more precise monitoring and treatment, which can often mean a substantial improvement in colony survival rates. That’s victory for everybody on this planet.”

The first smart hives to be removed utilize solar technology, micro-sensors and smart phone apps to watch conditions in hives and send reports to beekeepers’ phones about the conditions in every hive. Most smart hive systems include monitors that measure hive weight, temperature, humidity, CO2 levels, acoustics and even, bee count.

Weight. Monitoring hive weight gives beekeepers a sign in the stop and start of nectar flow, alerting these to the call to feed (when weight is low) and harvest honey (when weight is high). Comparing weight across hives gives beekeepers a feeling of the relative productivity of each colony. A spectacular stop by weight can advise that the colony has swarmed, or the hive has become knocked over by animals.

Temperature. Monitoring hive temperature can alert beekeepers to dangerous conditions: excessive heat indicating the hive needs to be gone after a shady spot or ventilated; unusually low heat indicating the hive needs to be insulated or protected against cold winds.

Humidity. While honey production generates a humid environment in hives, excessive humidity, mainly in the winter, can be a danger to colonies. Monitoring humidity levels can let beekeepers understand that moisture build-up is occurring, indicating the need for better ventilation and water removal.

CO2 levels. While bees can tolerate greater amounts of CO2 than humans, excessive levels can kill them. Monitoring CO2 levels can alert beekeepers to the should ventilate hives.

Acoustics. Acoustic monitoring within hives can alert beekeepers to a variety of dangerous situations: specific changes in sound patterns could mean loosing a queen, swarming tendency, disease, or hive raiding.

Bee count. Counting the number of bees entering and leaving a hive will give beekeepers an indication from the size and health of colonies. For commercial beekeepers this may indicate nectar flow, as well as the need to relocate hives to easier areas.

Mite monitoring. Australian scientists are trying out a whole new gateway to hives that where bees entering hives are photographed and analyzed to ascertain if bees have grabbed mites while beyond your hive, alerting beekeepers in the need to treat those hives in order to avoid mite infestation.

Many of the more complex (and costly) smart hives are made to automate much of standard beekeeping work. These can include environmental control, swarm prevention, mite treatment and honey harvesting.

Environmental control. When data indicate a hive is just too warm, humid or has CO2 build-up, automated hives can self-ventilate, optimizing internal environmental conditions.

Swarm prevention. When weight and acoustic monitoring suggest that a colony is getting ready to swarm, automated hives can change hive conditions, preventing a swarm from occurring.

Mite treatment. When sensors indicate a good mites, automated hives can release anti-mite treatments such as formic acid. Some bee scientists are trying out CO2, allowing levels to climb high enough in hives to kill mites, however, not sufficient to endanger bees. Others work over a prototype of the hive “cocoon” that raises internal temperatures to 108 degrees, that heat that kills most varroa mites.

Feeding. When weight monitors indicate low levels of honey, automated hives can release stores of sugar water.

Honey harvesting. When weight levels indicate loads of honey, self-harvesting hives can split cells, allowing honey to drain from specifically created frames into containers below the hives, able to tap by beekeepers.

While smart hives are only starting to be adopted by beekeepers, forward thinkers in the marketplace already are studying the next generation of technology.

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